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U.S. farm indicators

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This page contains data on milk production and farms indicators in the United States of America.

Milk production and number of dairy cows in the 50 states are recorded quarterly and organized by region (Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, South Central, Southwest, Northwest, Alaska, Hawaii) according to the USDA classification. For some States it is possible to consult the monthly detail.

An overview of the milk production per cow (pounds) allows the monthly monitoring of productivity in many of the U.S. states.

Farm indicators are displayed both with reference to the five-year censuses and on an annual basis, with details by the number of dairy farms, total and per farm agricultural area.

Analysis on Costs and Income of U.S. Dairy Farms »


 
2019 2021
MILK PRODUCTION (quarterly and monthly) 2020 - Tons
Regions and States Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Tot. 2020 ± on
2019 *
MIDWEST U.S. 8.472.285 +1,6% 8.555.293 0,0% 8.612.447 +2,8% 8.623.333 +4,4% 34.263.358 +2,2%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 5.723.034 +2,6% 5.640.479 +1,0% 5.433.185 +1,6% 5.527.080 +1,6% 22.323.778 +1,7%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 3.914.542 +7,4% 3.843.328 +1,6% 3.822.462 +3,6% 3.939.944 +6,1% 15.520.276 +4,6%
NORTHEAST U.S. 3.517.962 +2,3% 3.520.548 -0,6% 3.446.067 +0,6% 3.443.754 +1,4% 13.928.332 +0,9%
NORTHWEST U.S. 2.932.505 +5,6% 2.987.163 +2,5% 3.032.069 +1,9% 2.903.837 +0,8% 11.855.575 +2,7%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 917.627 +0,8% 873.174 -2,4% 782.001 -1,1% 813.753 -1,4% 3.386.555 -1,0%
OTHER STATES 635 -33,3% 544 +33,3% 408 0,0% 590 +8,3% 2.177 -5,9%
National Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Total
US 2020 25.478.590 25.420.530 25.128.640 25.252.291 101.280.051
Variation on 2019 +3,2% +0,6% +2,1% +3,0% +2,2%
US 2019 24.687.109 25.276.830 24.609.362 24.510.886 99.084.188
* % change from same period of previous year.
Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Source: USDA
2019 2021
MILK PRODUCTION / COW (monthly) 2020 - Pounds
Regions and States Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tot.
2020
± on
2019 *
MIDWEST U.S. 2.038 1.923 2.074 2.001 2.059 2.028 2.050 2.060 1.983 2.029 1.959 2.055 24.258 +1,5%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 2.050 1.968 2.139 2.039 2.074 1.953 1.996 1.945 1.898 1.967 1.944 2.038 24.011 +1,9%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 2.137 2.006 2.173 2.087 2.074 2.023 2.070 2.087 2.031 2.093 2.027 2.115 24.925 +0,7%
NORTHEAST U.S. 1.947 1.843 1.994 1.930 1.959 1.912 1.941 1.924 1.852 1.908 1.862 1.942 23.014 +1,8%
NORTHWEST U.S. 2.046 1.924 2.081 2.039 2.114 2.050 2.146 2.118 2.019 2.047 1.951 2.009 24.545 +0,7%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 1.862 1.770 1.903 1.818 1.795 1.710 1.686 1.631 1.548 1.633 1.647 1.778 20.781 +0,9%
National Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tot. 2020
US 2020 2.040 1.931 2.090 2.013 2.051 1.989 2.029 2.018 1.949 2.002 1.944 2.033 24.088,07
Variation on 2019 +1,1% +5,0% +2,1% +0,5% -1,0% +0,3% +1,1% +1,1% +1,6% +1,6% +2,3% +1,8% +1,4%
US 2019 2.018 1.839 2.046 2.004 2.071 1.984 2.007 1.996 1.918 1.971 1.900 1.996 23.749
* % change from same period of previous year.
Source: USDA
  Min Production / Cow
  Max Production / Cow
2019 2021
NUMBER OF DAIRY COWS (quarterly and monthly) 2020
Regions and States Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 2020 ± on 2019 *
MIDWEST U.S. 3.112.500 -18.000 3.116.500 -3.000 3.142.000 +29.000 3.169.000 +57.000 3.169.000 +1,8% +57.000
SOUTHWEST U.S. 2.052.000 -7.000 2.051.000 -1.000 2.050.000 -2.000 2.048.000 -3.000 2.048.000 -0,1% -3.000
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 1.418.000 +61.500 1.415.000 +45.000 1.419.500 +42.500 1.447.000 +52.000 1.447.000 +3,7% +52.000
NORTHEAST U.S. 1.351.600 -23.100 1.350.000 -20.100 1.347.000 -11.400 1.345.800 -7.800 1.345.800 -0,6% -7.800
NORTHWEST U.S. 1.072.500 +34.000 1.066.000 +26.500 1.068.500 +16.000 1.069.000 +8.000 1.069.000 +0,8% +8.000
SOUTHEAST U.S. 375.500 -8.500 369.500 -10.000 361.700 -9.800 362.000 -11.000 362.000 -2,9% -11.000
OTHER STATES 1.000 -300 900 -100 800 -200 800 -300 800 -27,3% -300
National Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 2020
US 2020 9.383.100 9.368.900 9.389.500 9.441.600 9.441.600
Change n ° heads on previous quarter +36.400 -14.200 +20.600 +52.100 +52.100
Change n ° heads on 2019 +38.600 +37.300 +64.100 +94.900 +94.900
US 2019 9.344.500 9.331.600 9.325.400 9.346.700 9.346.700
* % change from same period of previous year.
Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.

Source: USDA
FARMS (census)
Regions and States 2012 2017 2022 ± on 2017
MIDWEST U.S. 684.354 653.095 624.546 -4,4% (-28549 az.ag.)
SOUTHWEST U.S. 120.026 111.439 100.352 -9,9% (-11087 az.ag.)
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 624.063 614.784 564.455 -8,2% (-50329 az.ag.)
NORTHEAST U.S. 153.501 143.545 135.126 -5,9% (-8419 az.ag.)
NORTHWEST U.S. 137.248 137.391 125.310 -8,8% (-12081 az.ag.)
SOUTHEAST U.S. 382.349 373.648 342.956 -8,2% (-30692 az.ag.)
ALASKA 762 990 1.173 +18,5% (+183 az.ag.)
HAWAII 7.000 7.328 6.569 -10,4% (-759 az.ag.)
National 2012 2017 2022
US 2.109.303 2.042.220 1.900.487
Variation on prev. census - -3,2% -6,9%
Source: USDA
Click here to view PDF with FARMS data with breakdown in States (source: USDA)
NUMBER OF FARMS - yearly
Regions and States 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 ± on 2018
MIDWEST U.S. 653.100 648.900 646.600 641.200 634.700 624.500 622.300 -4,1% (-26600 farms)
SOUTHWEST U.S. 111.400 110.100 110.050 107.500 104.900 100.300 99.800 -9,4% (-10300 farms)
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 614.800 611.700 611.200 599.300 588.400 564.700 563.400 -7,9% (-48300 farms)
NORTHEAST U.S. 143.500 143.300 143.000 140.900 138.850 135.150 135.150 -5,7% (-8150 farms)
NORTHWEST U.S. 137.300 136.500 136.200 133.300 130.900 125.300 124.900 -8,5% (-11600 farms)
SOUTHEAST U.S. 373.600 370.400 368.000 361.800 353.800 342.900 341.600 -7,8% (-28800 farms)
ALASKA 1.000 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.100 1.200 1.200 +20,0% (+200 farms)
HAWAII 7.300 7.300 7.300 7.100 6.900 6.600 6.600 -9,6% (-700 farms)
National 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
US 2.042.000 2.029.200 2.023.400 1.992.820 1.960.220 1.901.380 1.896.750
Variation on previous year -0,6% -0,6% -0,3% -1,5% -1,6% -3,0% -0,2%
Source: USDA
LAND IN FARMS (1000 Acres) - yearly
Regions and States 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 ± on 2018
MIDWEST U.S. 276.700 276.500 276.000 275.800 273.300 270.500 270.500 -2,2%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 67.500 67.300 67.300 67.300 66.800 66.100 65.200 -3,1%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 329.200 328.900 328.000 327.400 324.600 320.700 320.500 -2,6%
NORTHEAST U.S. 21.320 21.350 21.350 21.350 20.900 20.540 20.540 -3,8%
NORTHWEST U.S. 129.500 129.300 128.900 128.900 128.100 127.100 127.100 -1,7%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 74.200 74.200 73.900 73.900 73.200 72.800 72.800 -1,9%
ALASKA 850 850 850 850 850 870 870 +2,4%
HAWAII 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.050 1.050 1.050 -4,5%
National 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
US 900.370 899.500 897.400 896.600 889.070 879.970 879.040
Variation on previous year -0,3% -0,1% -0,2% -0,1% -0,8% -1,0% -0,1%
Source: USDA
AVERAGE FARM SIZE (Acres) - yearly
Regions and States 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 ± on 2018
MIDWEST U.S. 424 426 427 430 431 433 435 +2,0%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 606 611 612 626 637 659 653 +6,9%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 535 538 537 546 552 568 569 +5,8%
NORTHEAST U.S. 149 149 149 152 151 152 152 +2,0%
NORTHWEST U.S. 943 947 946 967 979 1.014 1.018 +7,4%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 199 200 201 204 207 212 213 +6,4%
ALASKA 850 850 810 773 773 725 725 -14,7%
HAWAII 151 151 151 155 152 159 159 +5,6%
National 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
US 441 443 444 450 454 463 463
Variation on previous year +0,4% +0,5% +0,1% +1,4% +0,8% +2,0% +0,1%
Source: USDA
2019 2021
PERCENT FAT CONTENT IN MILK (monthly) 2020 - p.p.
Regions and States Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
2020
Avg
2019
MIDWEST U.S. 4,07 4,06 4,02 3,99 3,94 3,83 3,80 3,83 3,94 4,09 4,15 4,17 3,99 3,96
SOUTHWEST U.S. 3,99 3,93 3,89 3,87 3,79 3,77 3,72 3,74 3,80 3,90 3,98 4,04 3,87 3,85
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 4,07 4,05 4,00 3,96 3,86 3,82 3,79 3,79 3,92 4,03 4,10 4,14 3,96 3,93
NORTHEAST U.S. 3,99 3,98 3,96 3,95 3,90 3,81 3,78 3,79 3,90 4,01 4,06 4,08 3,93 3,90
NORTHWEST U.S. 4,21 4,13 4,08 4,03 3,94 3,92 3,90 3,91 4,02 4,13 4,28 4,29 4,07 4,05
SOUTHEAST U.S. 3,81 3,80 3,75 3,71 3,72 3,69 3,68 3,72 3,74 3,80 3,82 3,85 3,76 3,70
National Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
US 2020 4,04 4,01 3,96 3,93 3,87 3,81 3,78 3,80 3,90 4,01 4,08 4,11 3,93
US 2019 4,00 4,00 3,96 3,88 3,84 3,79 3,76 3,78 3,85 3,98 4,07 4,06 3,90
Source: USDA