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RCEP: Milk Producers and Exporters

This page contains an analysis of the trade relationships linked to the dairy sector, within the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) trade agreement, signed on 15 November 2020.

Fifteen countries have formed the world's largest trading bloc, covering nearly 30% of the world’s population and GDP.

RCEP brings together:
  • the 10 ASEAN states: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, with

  • 5 other partner countries: Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea.

Legal Text of the RCEP Agreement

RCEP and AANZFTA: a shared vision
On April 21, 2025, the updated Free Trade Agreement between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand (AANZFTA) entered into force. The new protocol modernizes the original 2010 agreement, introducing significant improvements to facilitate trade in the region and align it with the dynamics of today’s economy—particularly in the areas of services, e-commerce, and supply chains.
India and New Zealand: New FTA (2026)
On 27 April 2026, India and New Zealand signed a historic Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The agreement is designed to facilitate and expand bilateral trade, particularly in agri-food sectors, with improved market access for products such as fruit, meat, wool, and processed goods. However, in order to protect sensitive domestic industries, India has retained strong safeguards in the dairy sector. The agreement does not fully open the Indian market to New Zealand’s key dairy exports; instead, it introduces selective access for functional dairy ingredients, infant formula, and products intended for processing and re-export.
Population of RCEP Countries
(Thousand People)
Country 2023 2024 2025
Indonesia 281.190 283.488 285.721
Philippines 114.891 115.844 116.787
Vietnam 100.352 100.988 101.599
Thailand 71.702 71.668 71.620
Myanmar 54.134 54.500 54.851
Malaysia 35.126 35.558 35.978
Cambodia 17.424 17.639 17.848
Laos 7.665 7.770 7.873
Singapore 5.789 5.832 5.871
Brunei Darussalam 459 463 466
ASEAN's Population 688.732 693.750 698.614
China 1.422.585 1.419.321 1.416.096
Japan 124.371 123.753 123.103
Korea, South 51.749 51.718 51.667
Australia 26.451 26.713 26.974
New Zealand 5.173 5.214 5.252
RCEP's Total Population 2.319.061 2.320.469 2.321.706
WORLD's population 8.088.790 8.159.020 8.221.634
% RCEP on WORLD 28,67% 28,44% 28,24%
Source: FAO
The RCEP Participating Countries
India refused to join the RCEP. The following chart includes India: also part of an agreement with ASEAN (ASEAN Indian Free Trade Area - AIFTA), has not signed the RCEP, despite having participated in the negotiating process, but could potentially re-engage with RCEP in the near future.

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