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U.S. farm indicators

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This page contains data on milk production and farms indicators in the United States of America.

Milk production and number of dairy cows in the 50 states are recorded quarterly and organized by region (Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, South Central, Southwest, Northwest, Alaska, Hawaii) according to the USDA classification. For some States it is possible to consult the monthly detail.

An overview of the milk production per cow (pounds) allows the monthly monitoring of productivity in many of the U.S. states.

Farm indicators are displayed both with reference to the five-year censuses and on an annual basis, with details by the number of dairy farms, total and per farm agricultural area.

Analysis on Costs and Income of U.S. Dairy Farms »


 
2024
MILK PRODUCTION (quarterly and monthly) 2025 - Tons
Regions and States Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Tot. 2025 ± on
2024 *
MIDWEST U.S. 8.992.107 -0,8%       8.992.107 -0,8%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 5.453.143 -4,0%       5.453.143 -4,0%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 3.987.118 +3,3%       3.987.118 +3,3%
NORTHEAST U.S. 3.383.834 -3,0%       3.383.834 -3,0%
NORTHWEST U.S. 2.921.165 +0,6%       2.921.165 +0,6%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 778.826 -6,2%       778.826 -6,2%
OTHER STATES 235.235 +30.405,9%       235.235 +30.405,9%
National Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Total
US 2025 25.751.429       25.751.429
Variation on 2024 -0,3%       +0,6%
US 2024 25.829.357 26.005.851 25.440.125 25.177.674 102.453.007
* % change from same period of previous year.
Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.
Source: USDA
2024
MILK PRODUCTION / COW (monthly) 2025 - Pounds
Regions and States Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tot.
2025
± on
2024 *
MIDWEST U.S. 2.100 1.925 2.154 2.102                 8.281 -0,2%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 1.979 1.864 2.095 2.046                 7.984 -3,4%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 2.160 2.001 2.235 2.153                 8.549 0,0%
NORTHEAST U.S. 2.012 1.850 2.072 2.017                 7.951 +0,8%
NORTHWEST U.S. 2.070 1.891 2.096 2.059                 8.116 -0,1%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 1.924 1.798 2.001 1.954                 7.678 +2,8%
National Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tot. 2025
US 2025 2.064 1.906 2.132 2.078 - - - - - - - - 8.180,02
Variation on 2024 -0,3% -3,2% +0,2% +0,5% - - - - - - - - -0,6%
US 2024 2.070 1.969 2.128 2.066 2.127 2.021 2.057 2.052 1.980 2.032 1.949 2.030 24.480
* % change from same period of previous year.
Source: USDA
  Min Production / Cow
  Max Production / Cow
2024
NUMBER OF DAIRY COWS (quarterly and monthly) 2025
Regions and States Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 2025 ± on 2024 *
MIDWEST U.S. 3.223.000 -14.000       3.223.000 -0,4% -14.000
SOUTHWEST U.S. 2.025.000 0       2.025.000 0,0% 0
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 1.408.000 +42.700       1.408.000 +3,1% +42.700
NORTHEAST U.S. 1.269.000 -49.100       1.269.000 -3,7% -49.100
NORTHWEST U.S. 1.066.000 +9.000       1.066.000 +0,9% +9.000
SOUTHEAST U.S. 305.000 -30.000       305.000 -9,0% -30.000
OTHER STATES 99.700 +98.900       99.700 +12.362,5% +98.900
National Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 2025
US 2025 9.395.700       9.395.700
Change n ° heads on previous quarter +35.900       +35.900
Change n ° heads on 2024 +57.500       +57.500
US 2024 9.338.200 9.329.500 9.341.400 9.359.800 9.359.800
* % change from same period of previous year.
Other States includes Alaska and Hawaii.

Source: USDA
FARMS (census)
Regions and States 2012 2017 2022 ± on 2017
MIDWEST U.S. 684.354 653.095 624.546 -4,4% (-28549 az.ag.)
SOUTHWEST U.S. 120.026 111.439 100.352 -9,9% (-11087 az.ag.)
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 624.063 614.784 564.455 -8,2% (-50329 az.ag.)
NORTHEAST U.S. 153.501 143.545 135.126 -5,9% (-8419 az.ag.)
NORTHWEST U.S. 137.248 137.391 125.310 -8,8% (-12081 az.ag.)
SOUTHEAST U.S. 382.349 373.648 342.956 -8,2% (-30692 az.ag.)
ALASKA 762 990 1.173 +18,5% (+183 az.ag.)
HAWAII 7.000 7.328 6.569 -10,4% (-759 az.ag.)
National 2012 2017 2022
US 2.109.303 2.042.220 1.900.487
Variation on prev. census - -3,2% -6,9%
Source: USDA
Click here to view PDF with FARMS data with breakdown in States (source: USDA)
NUMBER OF FARMS - yearly
Regions and States 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ± on 2019
MIDWEST U.S. 648.400 645.400 641.200 634.700 624.500 622.300 616.700 -4,4% (-28700 farms)
SOUTHWEST U.S. 109.700 108.700 107.500 104.900 100.300 99.800 98.000 -9,8% (-10700 farms)
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 609.000 604.500 599.300 588.400 564.700 563.400 559.800 -7,4% (-44700 farms)
NORTHEAST U.S. 142.900 141.800 140.900 138.850 135.150 135.150 133.900 -5,6% (-7900 farms)
NORTHWEST U.S. 135.800 134.400 133.300 130.900 125.300 124.900 124.100 -7,7% (-10300 farms)
SOUTHEAST U.S. 369.100 364.500 361.800 353.800 342.900 341.600 339.800 -6,8% (-24700 farms)
ALASKA 1.000 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.200 1.200 1.200 +9,1% (+100 farms)
HAWAII 7.300 7.200 7.100 6.900 6.600 6.600 6.500 -9,7% (-700 farms)
National 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
US 2.023.760 2.008.190 1.992.820 1.960.220 1.901.380 1.896.750 1.881.690
Variation on previous year -0,9% -0,8% -0,8% -1,6% -3,0% -0,2% -0,8%
Source: USDA
LAND IN FARMS (1000 Acres) - yearly
Regions and States 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ± on 2019
MIDWEST U.S. 276.300 275.400 274.800 273.300 270.500 270.500 270.100 -1,9%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 67.200 67.100 67.000 66.800 66.100 65.200 65.100 -3,0%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 328.500 326.600 326.000 324.600 320.700 320.500 319.400 -2,2%
NORTHEAST U.S. 21.310 21.180 21.060 20.900 20.540 20.540 20.540 -3,0%
NORTHWEST U.S. 129.400 128.800 128.600 128.100 127.100 127.100 126.800 -1,6%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 74.200 73.900 73.700 73.200 72.800 72.800 72.600 -1,8%
ALASKA 850 850 850 850 870 870 870 +2,4%
HAWAII 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.050 1.050 1.050 1.050 -4,5%
National 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
US 899.070 895.150 893.370 889.070 879.970 879.040 876.950
Variation on previous year -0,1% -0,4% -0,2% -0,5% -1,0% -0,1% -0,2%
Source: USDA
AVERAGE FARM SIZE (Acres) - yearly
Regions and States 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ± on 2019
MIDWEST U.S. 426 427 429 431 433 435 438 +2,6%
SOUTHWEST U.S. 613 617 623 637 659 653 664 +7,6%
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 539 540 544 552 568 569 571 +5,6%
NORTHEAST U.S. 149 149 149 151 152 152 153 +2,7%
NORTHWEST U.S. 953 958 965 979 1.014 1.018 1.022 +6,6%
SOUTHEAST U.S. 201 203 204 207 212 213 214 +5,4%
ALASKA 850 773 773 773 725 725 725 -6,2%
HAWAII 151 153 155 152 159 159 162 +5,7%
National 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
US 444 446 448 454 463 463 466
Variation on previous year +0,8% +0,3% +0,6% +1,2% +2,0% +0,1% +0,6%
Source: USDA
2024
PERCENT FAT CONTENT IN MILK (monthly) 2025 - p.p.
Regions and States Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
2025
Avg
2024
MIDWEST U.S. 4,51 4,50 4,42 4,39                 4,45 4,36
SOUTHWEST U.S. 4,34 4,26 4,24 4,18                 4,25 4,19
SOUTH CENTRAL U.S. 4,45 4,41 4,31 4,26                 4,36 4,25
NORTHEAST U.S. 4,44 4,44 4,40 4,33                 4,40 4,28
NORTHWEST U.S. 4,55 4,52 4,42 4,37                 4,47 4,40
SOUTHEAST U.S. 4,16 4,10 4,07 4,00                 4,08 4,05
National Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
US 2025 4,43 4,40 4,33 4,29 4,34
US 2024 4,34 4,29 4,26 4,22 4,14 4,08 4,04 4,07 4,13 4,24 4,36 4,43 4,20
Source: USDA